Concept Number: INT2021001

Title: Supporting Member States’ Capacity Building on Small Modular Reactors and Micro-reactors and their Technology and Applications as a Contribution of Nuclear Power to the Mitigation of Climate Change

Original Language Title: To support Member States’  Capacity Building on Small Modular Reactors and Microreactors and their Technology and Applications  – A Contribution of Nuclear Power to the Mitigation of Climate Change

Project Number: INT2023

Project Type: INTERREGIONAL

Submitted By: Member State and/or Observers With Rights

Priority: 1

Project duration (Total number of years): 4

Project duration (Start date): 2022-01-01

Field of Activity: 06 - Nuclear power reactors

FOA Distribution: 
FoA Code: 06 = 60%           
FoA Code: 11 = 30%                      
FoA Code: 10 = 10%                      

Sustainable Development Goal: 
07 - Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all           

Link to RB Programme: 1.1 Nuclear Power - 1.1.5 Technology Development for Advanced Reactors and Non-Electr App of NP

Project Description/Abstract: Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors designed to generate electric power typically up to 300 MWe, whose structures, systems and components can be fabricated in factories and transported to the sites for installation as demand arises. Modularization enables the economics of serial production, shorter construction duration and lower capital cost. The purpose of the project is to provide broad support to Member States in the deployment of SMRs. The project will provide a forum to enable effective capacity building through training and technology transfer activities on all aspects of SMR development, including siting, design; technology; engineering, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance, human resource management; fuel cycle; waste management; decommissioning; economics; financing; nuclear safety and security; emergency preparedness and response arrangements; and legal framework. The project will cover the emerging microreactors (MRs) and consider the deployment of SMRs for non-electric applications. The coupling of such nuclear systems with renewables in integrated energy systems will be covered. The aim of the project is to enable national stakeholders to understand key characteristics of SMR and MR technologies and their applications, and to formulate, in line with international safety standards, countries’ specific legal and regulatory frameworks, and generic user requirements and criteria for SMR technologies. The project will favour sharing of regulatory experience and user requirements among countries. Member States will receive technical assistance to evaluate the contribution of SMRs, MRs and their potential non-electric applications in addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13, mitigating climate changes and integrating the basic principles of circular economy. Inputs will be sought from technology holders, as well as from the countries that are considering the deployment of SMRs and MRs. Synergies will be developed with other international organizations committed to supporting the transition to cleaner energy systems.

Problem to be addressed: The demand for energy for generating electricity and industrial process heat grows exponentially, both in developed and developing economies. In particular, there are tangible needs for flexible power generation for a wide range of users and non-electric applications, replacing ageing fossil–fired units, enhancing safety performance, and offering better economic affordability. Non-electric applications include but not limited to seawater desalination, district heating, heat for industries, and hydrogen production. Furthermore, Member States are implementing measures to mitigate global climate change. There are numerous Member States with regions inaccessible to clean, reliable, resilient, and affordable energy, including remote areas where large electricity grids are not in place or delivery of fossil fuels is cumbersome. The developing economies and regions with smaller electricity grids need technology options deployed incrementally to closely match increasing energy demand, resulting in a moderate financial commitment. Countries with many small islands and remote off grid regions present niche markets for technologies able to replace diesel generators – for which large nuclear power plant would not be applicable. However, countries have various concerns related to (1) unproven technology and operational experience; (2) applicability of licensing, legal framework and international commitment, including first of a kind features; and (3) unknown factors in the investment costs and financial schemes. Another issue for countries is the wide variety of SMR and MR technologies, their performances, their safety and security features and, their actual technology readiness level (TRL). Reported in the 2020 edition of the IAEA booklet on ‘Advances in SMR Technology Developments’, there were more than 70 different concepts for SMR/MR, ranging from water–cooled land based as well as marine based SMR to high temperature gas cooled SMR to fast neutron spectrum SMR to molten salt SMRs. There are already several MRs under development and some of them expected to be operational in the near to medium term.

Why should it be a Interregional project?: In the contemporary connected world, deployments of SMR and MR raise issues that cannot be solved by a few countries alone or a single region. The rationales behind and needs for SMR and MR deployments are different from one region to the other. For example, in Europe, the electricity market is stagnating with declining deployment of large nuclear power plants, but higher share of renewable energies. Therefore, in such a case, SMR and MR may be regarded as an interesting clean option to back up renewables and stabilize grids. On the other hand, countries in Southeast Asia and Latin America face challenges with addressing geotechnical aspects, such as seismic and volcanic hazards in site evaluation for nuclear power plants. Countries in the Middle East have relatively small grids and constrained access to the ultimate heat sink important for reactor safety. Northern America, and archipelagic countries in Asia Pacific have many islands, and remote regions are currently receiving supply from diesel generators. All these regions face common challenges, such as (1) selecting the most suitable technology to fulfil their needs; (2) selecting a suitable site; (3) establishing a suitable licensing process; (4) lack of operational experience; (5) implementing appropriate capacity building for the regulatory organisation; (6) confirming funding and financing scheme for deploying SMRs; (7) challenging technology developers to produce a licensed design with affordable upfront capital cost; (8) establishment of a reliable supply chain; (9) reliable fuel supply and fuel cycle options; (10) waste management; and (11) public acceptability. By implementing approaches learned from different experiences and contexts, an interregional approach is considered to be the best solution, as it will enable synergies on capacity building and exchange of technical knowledge from one region to other region(s).

Stakeholder: Stakeholders differ according to four main aspects of SMR deployment, namely (1) technical (i.e. developers, designers, vendors and operators of SMRs, as well as other industrial users); (2) safety/EPR/security/safeguards framework and assessment (i.e. regulators, technical support organizations (TSOs), etc.); (3) financing (e.g. investment banks and companies, insurance companies, etc.); and (4) communities where sites are being considered. For these aspects, separate workshops or other activities will be organized, covering (1) reactor designers and builders and their intellectual ground in academia and research; (2) legal framework, regulatory bodies, and their TSOs; (3) engineering companies and investors; and (4) experts in stakeholder involvement. Regarding the design aspect, input is assumed from nuclear industry companies working on SMRs and MRs, but also from industrial end users, who are expected to show how SMRs and MRs can address their electric and non-electric application needs for different industrial applications which need to be decarbonized. Owners and operators will share their experience in construction and commissioning, as well as feedback. The companies in charge of dismantling nuclear facilities will show how the SMR lifecycle can be closed by using principles of circular economy. Considering safety assessment aspects, some regulatory bodies, in particular the ones represented in the IAEA SMR Regulators’ Forum, already started the safety assessment of concrete SMR designs. They are expected to present their experience by sharing their safety assessment, or by highlighting expected changes in legislative and regulatory frameworks. As to economics and financing, the organizations participating in the IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) “Economic Appraisal of SMR: Methodology and Applications”, as well as other investment companies are expected to present innovative financing schemes and business cases which make SMR projects feasible. Other stakeholders with rather receiving positions are governments (both promotional and regulatory); academia and research; and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). As to the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders and contribution of partners: The key stakeholders are the first users, in this case, established or new electric utilities that have specific technical and siting requirements, and the potential users of non-electric applications. Next are reactor technology developers or vendors, who design their reactors to satisfy utility requirements, or can offer a product for market niches. Nuclear regulatory authorities are vital in this undertaking, as they need to determine their preference of the regulatory framework on how to deploy SMRs with the associated specificities. When addressing organizations in embarking countries, the context provided by the Milestone approach should be taken into consideration and potential duplication with the activities with INT 2021 avoided.

Partnerships: Partnerships could be established with (1) the European Commission (EC); (2) the World Nuclear Association (WNA); (3) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA); (4) International Framework for Nuclear Energy Cooperation (IFNEC); (5) Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy (NICE) Future Initiative; and (6) universities and labs to share knowledge with Member States, providing funds, etc.; the aim is also to involve other non-traditional partners and international organizations which are committed to supporting the transition to clean energy systems and the decarbonization of the entire energy sector.

Overall Objective: To raise awareness and to improve knowledge, capacity building and safety review capability in developing countries as far as all the fundamental aspects of SMRs and MRs deployment and their electric and non-electric applications are concerned, mitigating climate changes and integrating the basic principles of circular economy. Special emphasis is on siting, design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance, human resource management and management system considerations, technology and safety assessment, engineering, fuel cycle, waste management, decommissioning, economics and financing, safety and regulation.

Role of nuclear technology and IAEA: SMR is a promising technology, offering significant cost reductions through modularization, further improving construction schedules and reducing costs. SMRs — and MRs as their subset category — offer designs and sizes that are better suited for partial or dedicated use in non–electric applications, such as providing heat for industrial processes; hydrogen production; and desalination. Some SMR and MR designs may also serve niche markets, for example by deploying MRs to replace diesel generators in remote regions. Hence, the driving forces are their specific characteristics. SMRs can be deployed incrementally to closely match increasing energy demands, resulting in a moderate financial commitment. For all the mentioned rationales, SMRs and MRs are seen by both developed and developing economies as a potential and interesting option to satisfy their increasing energy demands, using a clean and affordable energy source which needs lower initial investments and allows easier financing. The use of nuclear power in replacing fossil fuel power sources substantially decreases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contributes to preserving the environment.  The IAEA seeks to promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy in synergies with other carbon free energy options like renewables. It promotes a robust nuclear safety and regulatory framework, enabling the safe deployment of SMR technologies in all Member States; and will provide a forum for knowledge exchange by organizing workshops and a harmonized approach to the regulatory review of SMRs. The IAEA is expected to play a key role in providing training on technology; safety; regulation; international and national nuclear law; economics and financing; reactor technology assessment methodologies; generic user requirements and criteria; training using SMR simulators; and developing relevant publications to facilitate development and deployment of SMRs and new nuclear technologies in all the regions. The IAEA has a well-established programme to support embarking countries on infrastructure development. The programme is supported by the Milestone approach, INIR missions, development of integrated work plans (IWPs) and the inter-regional project INT2021. The programme is mainly oriented to large NPPs but to a large extent it also covers a subset of SMRs in the high range of power to be available in the medium-term, where the infrastructure required is, in most of the cases, similar.  The IAEA supports Member States in energy planning and capacity building, with the use of free available in–house tools. Thus it is in a position to (1) support developing countries in the development of their future electricity systems, integrating different types of technology, including renewables and nuclear (SMRs or other types); and (2) help assess the contribution of SMRs to the countries’ climate and sustainable development, including through the assessment of macroeconomic impacts of nuclear programmes. The IAEA has developed an effective methodology which allows to conduct nuclear reactor technology assessment for near term deployment. The IAEA is also developing guidance for Member States for the development of generic user requirements and criteria for SMR technologies. It is a capacity building of future electric utilities in embarking countries, in expressing their requirements and criteria regarding SMR technology. Through the IAEA legislative assistance programme, assistance is provided to Member States upon request in all areas of international and national nuclear law; safety; security; safeguards; and civil liability, covering all activities and facilities, including SMRs. The IAEA has also initiated a project aimed at analysing the applicability of its set of safety standards to SMRs and MRs. Guideline documents are under development on siting, design and safety assessment of SMRs, and the updating of the relevant safety guides will also be accelerated to support those processes. Review services on siting are under development, which will apply proper grading approaches to the safety assessment of site-specific deployment of SMRs. By means of a CRP launched in 2020, the IAEA is studying the economics of SMRs and MRs for countries with small power grids and limited financing capabilities. The CRP aims at developing a methodological basis for the technical and economic assessment of SMRs. Some of the issues have been addressed through regional and national TC projects. Progress has been achieved in technology; safety and economic assessment; capacity building; siting; stakeholder involvement, etc. However, all these projects only partially address the needs of specific countries, while many interested countries in other regions of the world were not able to benefit from IAEA support. The proposed interregional project will benefit from the lessons learned in the implementation of the regional projects and will extend this support to all the global regions.

Participating Member State(s): to be decided

Physical infrastructure and human resources: • As the project is not targeting at designing or building a prototype SMR or even a supporting experimental facility, no specific infrastructure is assumed to be provided by participating countries. • Some of the countries participating in the project are expected to have skilled and competent human resources to participate in the different activities. • Technology holder countries are expected to contribute with experts in the different technology, safety and economic areas of the project.

Sustainability: • Nuclear industry is considering SMRs and MRs a game changer for the decades to come. Therefore, common development and deployment issues as well as challenges of SMRs/MRs introduction in the market are expected to last much longer than lifetime of this project. Developing/embarking countries and technology holders’ countries individually or on bi-/multi-lateral basis will continue in information exchange well beyond the end of the project. • The trained staff and in particular young researchers and engineers including women will be interested by these new nuclear power technologies and their multiple applications and are supposed to continue working in the field for the rest of their professional carrier. • The participants trained during the TC project will be the new trainers for the new generations.  • For embarking countries there will be enhanced understanding of the SMR/MR technologies deployable in their country and domestic nuclear regulatory requirements.  • To ensure effective linkages between counterparts and end users, regular meetings of the steering committee comprising regional representatives will be held on a regular basis.  Depending on the specific topics, partnerships with UN specialized agencies and non-profit organizations will be identified and implemented  whenever required; public/private partnerships will be developed wherever relevant. For example, a cooperation with UNIDO, IRENA and OECD-NEA can be sought when implementing activities on Energy planning and use of Agency tools to model electricity systems meeting demand and climate objectives.  On SMR/MR technology assessment, a cooperation with the WNA can be sought whenever needed.  • The benefits or results from this interregional project will be sustained after the project ends by incorporating lessons-learned and addressing issues raised in follow up activities in regional and national projects.

Safety and Regulatory Compliance: The project has individual segments where safety assessment and regulatory aspects/licensing of SMRs/MRs will be discussed. No operational nuclear activity will be conducted during the project. Therefore, there is no need to consult with relevant regulatory bodies. However, experts from regulatory bodies and TSOs will be engaged for the training activities.

Requirements for participation: Depending on the specific training and workshop and topics to be discussed. The PMO and the TOs have the task to select the participants for the different activities.

Cross Cutting Issues Environment: Ultimate outcome of the project is the introduction of SMRs/MRs and their applications, and this has a great potential in decreasing GHGs emissions as well as pollution emitted by fossil plants (SO2, NOx and particulate matters). Working in synergy with renewables and energy storage, the integrated energy systems considered in this TC project are supposed to support the fast transition to clean energy systems, as requested by the ambitious climate and environmental goals at the horizon of 2030 and 2050. Moreover, the project also considers SMRs and MRs for water desalination, and therefore also addresses SDG #6.

Cross Cutting Issues Gender: SMRs, MRs, non-electric applications of nuclear power to combat climate change is a new exciting area of advanced nuclear technologies which is attracting a new generation of researchers and engineers, including a large fraction of women. Participations of female from all the involved regions will be sought, not only as recipients of the project activities, but also to play major roles as lectures and chairpersons of meetings and other activities.

Implementation strategy: The project will deliver workshops, training courses, review missions, scientific visits and expert missions which will address capacity building and transfer of knowledge on different aspects of SMRs and MRs and their applications: technology development and assessment, deployment issues, development of regulations, licensing, safety assessment, economy including investment schemes, fuel cycles, waste management, decommissioning, infrastructures. A small steering group (5-7 staff: PMO and TOs) representing all the different TDs (regions) will adjust topics of workshops/trainings/scientific visits/expert missions and their agenda according to state of art knowledge and progress achieved. The representative(s) from a certain region has/have the task to inform the interested MSs of that region. The participating MSs will be informed to confirm their participation in this project and the list of training events, and also to return feedback in due course. The activities implemented by IAEA are with MSs' support through south-south cooperation and north-south cooperation. The steering group is also in charge to select the participants and the experts/lecturers in line with IAEA TC rule and procedure and on the basis of: a) the topics to be presented and discussed; b) the status of  knowledge on those topics by the targeted Member States/region(s); c) the interest of MSs/region(s) on specific SMRs/MRs technologies; d) the status of development of their national nuclear programme. Gender balance and geographical distribution will be applied systematically in the selection process. The sequence of implementing activities will be established with the general criteria to first provide a broad information on the involved technologies and related issues, and then focus on specific needs of global, or regions or group of Member States. The overall implementation strategy will be endorsed by the newly created Steering Committee of the agency-wide platform on SMRs and their applications.

Monitoring and progress reporting: - The project steering group will assemble (or discuss by email) according to necessity maximum once in a year and will set further plans including assessment of progress achieved and update work plan. This includes corrections/approval of PPAR. Contribution to SDGs 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13 will be also monitored and assessed.  - Effective monitoring and progress reporting will be also ensured through the newly created agency-wide platform on SMRs and their applications.

Lessons Learned: • The project builds on a number of lessons learned both from the regional projects RER2014 and 2017, and from other SMR-related projects carried out in the last 10 years through regular budget. The content and management of the two RER projects are very similar to the current one but, as already said, limited to European and Eurasian countries. Some modifications are necessary in order to address the needs of other regions/continents like e.g. South Asia, Latin America, Africa, Middle East. • Other relevant IAEA projects and activities which represent a very good basis and reference for this TC project are: - The CRP on Development of Approaches, Methodologies and Criteria for Determining the Technical Basis for Emergency Palling Zone for SMR Deployment - The CRP on Design and performance Assessment of Passive Engineered Safety features in Advanced SMRs - The CRP on Economic Appraisal of SMR projects: Methodologies and Applications - The project on applicability of Safety Standards to SMRs and MRs - The project on development of Generic User Requirements and Criteria for SMRs - The just started project on Codes and Standards, Design Engineering, Testing and Manufacturing of Components of SMRs - The lessons learned from 6 years of application of the Methodology for Reactor Technology Assessment for Near-term Deployment - The application of the Milestone Approach to cases of SMR deployment  • All the above-mentioned projects have been implemented using the IAEA Result Based Management approach and all the involved TOs have long experience in project management  • The project will also benefit of the feedback from national projects and programmes on SMRs and their application, carried out by participating Member States. • The project will also benefit from the set of common positions agreed on by Member States participating in the SMR Regulators Forum and identifying potential solution to technical safety issues raised by the deployment of SMRs

Risk management: The main risk that could affect the success of the project is if any of the participating countries is not supported through their national authorities. The Government’s commitment of the participating MSs is critical for the success of the programme. There is also risk from external factors (including political and social environment), such as COVID-19, which may in the future still impede physical training courses, on-site missions, etc. Another risk relates to the staff trained and measures in place to retain such staff so that they continue being part of the team involved in SMRs and MRs and their technology and applications. Therefore, planning and implementation will be adjusted accordingly.

CORE FINANCING	
Year	Human Resource Components (Euros)	Procurement Components (Euros)	Total (Euros)	
	Experts	Meetings/ Workshop	Fellow-ships	Scientific Visits	Training Courses	Sub-Total	Equipment	Sub-Contracts	Sub-Total		
2022	0	231 000	0	0	323 400	554 400	0	0	0	554 400	
2023	15 750	105 000	0	0	102 900	223 650	0	0	0	223 650	
2024	0	115 500	0	0	55 125	170 625	0	0	0	170 625	
2025	0	105 000	0	0	0	105 000	0	0	0	105 000	
	
FOOTNOTE-a/ FINANCING	
Year	Human Resource Components (Euros)	Procurement Components (Euros)	Total (Euros)	
	Experts	Meetings/ Workshop	Fellow-ships	Scientific Visits	Training Courses	Sub-Total	Equipment	Sub-Contracts	Sub-Total		
2022	126 000	105 000	0	0	99 225	330 225	0	0	0	330 225	
2023	126 000	157 500	0	0	264 600	548 100	0	0	0	548 100	
2024	126 000	42 000	0	0	58 800	226 800	0	0	0	226 800	
2025	126 000	0	0	0	0	126 000	0	0	0	126 000	
First Year Approved : 2022	

Logical Framework Matrix (LFM)

	Design Element	Indicator and Baseline	Target	Means of Verification	Assumptions	
Outcome	 Awareness raised on SMR/MR technologies and their applications to enhance nuclear energy contribution and socioeconomic development in Member States.	Certain number of qualified staff trained, infrastructure and or capacity building strengthen in MSs considering SMRs and or MRs. Technical assistance provided to MSs in introducing concept and deploy SMRs and MRs to contribute electric and non-electric applications in addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13, mitigating climate changes and integrating the basic principles of circular economy.
	Group of MSs considering SMRs and or MRs, at global level.
	Events report, progress report and PPARs.
	1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
Output	1 Awareness raised on SMR/MR technology and relevant applications (in technology development and transfer).	Number of Member States participating in TC projects which include activities on SMR/MRs and their applications:  Baseline: 10  Time frame: by the end of 2025
	Target at the end of the project: 35  Time frame: by the end of 2025
	Information from PCMF
	1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	2 Human capacity building enhanced in Member States by developing and/or introducing SMR/MR technology and relevant applications.	Number of trained participants in the workshops, expert and review missions, scientific visits and training courses organized by the project  Baseline: 100  Time frame: by the end of 2025
	Target at the end of the project: 250  Time frame: by the end of 2025
	Statistics from events organized under this TC project
	1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	3 Capabilities developed or strengthened to assess safety of designs, regulate and operate SMRs and MRs safely, securely and cost sustainably.	Number of licensing applications to build SMR/MR  Baseline: 2  Time frame: by the end of 2025
	Target at the end of the project: 5  Time frame: by the end of 2025
	Public information + SMR regulators’ Forum
	1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
Activity	1.1 1.1 Advanced reactor technology developments for near-term development, nuclear energy sustainability and nuclear power engineering.					
	1.2 1.2 Maintaining and preserving nuclear knowledge in advanced reactors' technology including SMRs and microreactors by using of state-of-the-art knowledge management technologies.					
	1.3 1.3 The knowledge of approaches and methods for safeguarding nuclear material, facilities and activities to facilitate safeguards implementation by the IAEA, including Safeguards-by-Design for SMRs;					
	2.1 2.1 Charting out energy strategies for energy demand and supply; conducting economic and cost-benefit analyses comparing project costs of NPP using SMRs - consistent with sustainable development goals.					
	2.2 2.2 Activities on conducting research for sustainable advanced fuel cycles and on understanding the behaviour of materials used in advanced reactors including SMRs and microreactors.					
	2.3 2.3 Embarking countries that are selecting sites for nuclear installations, evaluating designs against external events; and countries defining adequate Emergency Preparedness and Response arrangements for SMR deployments, based on a graded approach.					
	2.4 2.4 Establishment of national policies and institutional infrastructure for safe and secure deployment of SMR in embarking countries.					
	3.1 3.1 Activities, particularly that of embarking countries, on the development of national infrastructure for nuclear power with SMR and Microreactors options - using the IAEA Milestones Approach.					
	3.2 3.2 Activities on identifying solutions to manage all forms of radioactive waste resulting from the nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear applications, including from SMRs and microreactors; as well as their decommissioning strategies.					
	3.3 3.3 Establishment of safety standards and other IAEA's guidance to maintain a high level of safety in SMR deployment; and building effective, independent and sustainable regulatory and safety frameworks for nuclear installations.					
	3.4 3.4  Conducting computer security assessments at nuclear facilities and requesting guidance for potential SMRs and microreactors deployment.					
Input	1.1.1 Workshop/Meeting (ME) on Review of Country Specific Users Requirements and Criteria for SMR and Microreactors Technology - Study Cases. TOs from NPTDS, PESS, INPRO, NIDS, NSNI/SAS, SGCP will involve in, 30 participants + 3 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	1.1.2 Training Course (TC) on Applying the updated Reactor Technology Assessment Methodology for Identification and Selection of SMR Design and Technology. TOs of NENP/NPTDS, NENP/NIDS, NSNI/SAS will involve TC: 40 participants + 2-3 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	1.1.3 WS on Codes & Standards, Design Engineering, Testing & Manufacturing of Components and Supply Chain of SMRs and Microreactors. TOs from NENP/NPTDS, NPES, NSNI/RAS will involve the WS: 20 parts + 2-3 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	1.1.4 WS on Specific Design Considerations of Nuclear Cogeneration Projects using SMR/MR. Tos from NENP/NPTDS will involve the WS: 20 parts+2 IEXs, 4 dyas.					
	1.1.5 ME on Advances in Fast-neutron Spectrum and Gen IV type SMR Designs and Safety Features.  TOs from NPTDS, NSNI/SAS will involve ME: 15 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.6 TC on PC-based Educational & Training SMR Simulators. TOs from NPTDS will involve TC: 30 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.7 ME Advances in Microreactor Designs and Safety Features. TOs from NENP/NPTDS, NSNI/SAS will involve ME: 15 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.8 WS on Modelling, Simulation and V&V to Support SMR Design and Safety Case. TOs from  NENP/NPTDS, NSNI/SAS will involve WS: 20 parts + 2-3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.9 ME on Specific Issues on Reactor Technology for Marine-based Small Modular Reactors. TOs from NENP/INPRO, NPTDS, NSNI/SAS, RAS, IEC, OLA will involve ME: 20 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.10 WS on Development of Taxonomy for SMRs and Microreactors Knowledge Based. TOs from NEPIK/NKM, NENP/NPTDS, NSNI/SAS, NSNI/RAS will involve WS: 15 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.11 TC on Application of INPRO NESA Methodology for Sustainability Assessment of SMRs and Microreactors. TOs from NENP/INPRO will involve TC: 40 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.12 TC on Stakeholder and Industrial Involvements and Public Outreach. TOs from NPES, NIDS will involve TC: 40 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.13 TC on Safeguards Training: Role and responsibilities of the State, both in implementation and in Safeguards by Design. TOs from SGCP and NSNI/SAS will involve TO: 40 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.1.14 A 12-month cost free expert (or JPO at level P2 or P3) to assist implementation, with SMR technology working experience.					
	1.1.15 A 12-month cost free expert to assist implementation, with SMR technology working experience.					
	1.1.16 A 12-month cost free expert to assist implementation, with SMR technology working experience.					
	1.1.17 A 12-month cost free expert to assist implementation, with SMR technology working experience.					
	1.2.1 WS on Education and Training tools and Knowledge Transfer. TOs from NEPIK/NKM, ENP/NPTDS will involve WS: 15 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	1.3.1 ME on Status of Safeguard-by-Design Implementation in SMR Designs and Technologies for Near-Term Deployment. TOs from SGCP, NENP/NPTDS will involve ME: 20 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	2.1.1 Workshop on Economic Competitiveness and marketability, bankability of SMR/MR Technology - Complimentary to the CRP-I1-2007. TOs from NEPIK/PESS will involve WS: 40 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	2.1.2 TC on Energy planning and use of Agency tools to model electricity systems meeting demand and climate objectives. TOs from [NEPIK/PESS will involve TC: 40 parts + 2-3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	2.2.1 TC on Fuel design optimization and fuel cycle options for SMR. TOs from NEFW/NFCMS will involve TC: 25 parts + 2 IEXs, 3 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	2.2.2 TC on Cost-effective Solutions in the Radioactive Waste Management for Near-Term Deployable SMRs; Decommissioning by Design. TOs from [NEFW/WTS, NEFW/DERS will involve TC: 30 parts + 2-3 IEXs, 3 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	2.3.1 TC on Next Generation Reactors and Emergency Preparedness and Response, including reference to the CRP I31029 and new IAEA guidance on SMR EPR. TOs from NS/IEC will involve TC: 30 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	2.3.2 Expert Missions (upon request) to interested Member States to provide advice on SMR Emergency Preparedness and Response arrangements					
	2.3.3 ME on Geotechnical aspects, seismic hazards, and volcanic hazards in site evaluation for SMR power plants - with Country Cases. TOs from NSNI/EESS will involve: 20 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	2.4.1 TC on Policy, Strategy and key Aspects (elements) of infrastructure (road map for beginner country in capacity building through int'l experience and practical knowledge in design and construction) related to SMR and MRs: 40 parts + 3 IEXs, 5 days.					
	2.4.2 TC on optimisation of siting and emergency planning and response for SMRs: including emergency planning zone, etc 5d x 30p. NE and NS.					
	2.4.3 TC on scalability of SMR for municipal applications in small and medium size cities. 5d x 30p. NE.					
	2.4.4 TC on adaptivity of SMR to local power grid, especially for countries/regions with less-developed infrastructure and different seasonal power generation/consumption patterns.  5d x 30p. NE.					
	3.1.1 Workshop on Addressing Infrastructure Issues and Technology Roadmap for SMR/MR Deployment [Near-term focus on iPWR, HTGR and MRs]. 30 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	3.1.2 WS on International and national legal framework for SMR. TOs from OLA, NSNI will involve WS: 30 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	3.2.1 WS on Basic principles of Circular Economy to close the lifecycle of SMRs. TOs from NEFW/DERS, NEFW/WTS will involve WS: 20 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	3.3.1 WS on Applicability of IAEA Safety Standards to Novel Advanced Reactors including Microreactors. TOs from NSNI/SAS will involve WS: 30 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	3.3.2 WS on Safety, Security and Safeguards by Design in Small Modular Reactors. TOs from NSNI/SAS, NSNS, SGCP, NPTDS will involve WS: 20 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.				1. Commitment of the participating Member States. 2. Availability of appropriate and qualified  experts from technology holders’ countries 3. Correct selection of participants from target countries to ensure an efficient and effective transfer of knowledge and technology to the appropriate professionals in developing countries 4. No major impact from COVID-19 countermeasures in resource and target countries. 5. Flexibility in planning and implementation in order to adjust the programme to unfavorable boundary conditions (e.g. impossibility to organize physical training courses or on-site missions due to COVID-19 restrictions
	
	3.3.3 WS on Safety and Licensing Aspects of Passive Systems in SMRs. TOs from NSNI/SAS, NSNI/RAS, NENP/NPTDS will involve WS: 30 parts + 2-3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	3.3.4 ME on Safety Analyses for SMRs: specifics and available experiences for various technologies. TOs from NSNI/SAS will involve ME: 40 parts + 3 IEXs, 4 days.					
	3.3.5 TC on SMR Safety Training - Compilation of technical training on specific safety issues relevant to specific types of SMRs. TOs from NSNI/SAS will involve TC: 30 parts + 2-3 IEXs, 5 days.					
	3.3.6 WS on Use of risk information in SMR design process. TOs from NSNI/SAS will involve WS: 30 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.					
	3.4.1 TC on Instrumentation & Control and Computer Security for Microreactors. TOs from NSNS/INMA, NENP/NPES will involve TC: 20 parts + 2 IEXs, 4 days.